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Game Theory for Unmanned Vehicles Path Planning in the Marine Domain: State of the Art and New Possibilities

Cococcioni, M., L. Fiaschi, and P.F.J. Lermusiaux, 2021. Game Theory for Unmanned Vehicles Path Planning in the Marine Domain: State of the Art and New Possibilities. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9(11), 1175. doi:10.3390/jmse9111175. Special Issue on Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Ocean Science and Engineering.

Thanks to the advent of new technologies and higher real-time computational capabilities, the use of unmanned vehicles in the marine domain received a significant burst in the last decade. Ocean and seabed sampling, missions in dangerous areas, and civilians security are just a few of the large number of applications which currently benefit from unmanned vehicles. One of the most actively studied topic is their full autonomy, i.e., the design of marine vehicles capable of pursuing a task while reacting to the changes of the environment without the intervention of humans, not even remote. Environment dynamicity may consist in variations of currents, presence of unknown obstacles, and attacks from adversaries (e.g., pirates). To achieve autonomy in such highly dynamic uncertain conditions, many types of autonomous path planning problems need to be solved. There has thus been a commensurate number of approaches and methods to optimize such path planning. This work focuses on game theoretic ones and provides a wide overview of the current state of the art, along with future directions.